| 
  • If you are citizen of an European Union member nation, you may not use this service unless you are at least 16 years old.

  • You already know Dokkio is an AI-powered assistant to organize & manage your digital files & messages. Very soon, Dokkio will support Outlook as well as One Drive. Check it out today!

View
 

Hepatitis B

Page history last edited by PBworks 16 years, 4 months ago

 

    Hepatitis B was originally known as "Serum Hepatitis". HBV is endemic in China and various parts of Asia. The scientific name for HBV is Orthohepadnavirus. The family name is called Hepadnaviridae. The disofder caused by HBV is that it is a DNA virus and one of many unrelated viruses that caused viral hepatitis. The virus is transmitted through exposer to infectioius blood, or body fluids containing blood. Some other ways of getting this virus is through blood transfusions (donating blood), re-use of contaminated needles, and vertical transmission (mother to child during childbirth). This virus is found in blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and saliva. Some ways to prevent being infected from HBV are: no infections of an unfamiliar needle, vaccinations is recommended, having protected sex and keeping away from contaminated needles.  HBV interferes with the funtions of the liver. Viruses need host cells. Once the virus comes in contact with the liver, it starts to replicate.  Some side effects to this virus are: yellowing of the skin or eyes, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, tiredness, stomach or joint pain, feeling very ill and unable to work for days or moths, have no symptoms and infect others withought knowing it. As well as itchy skin all over the body is a possible symptom, Some people, rarely, die from this virus, Children are less likely than adults to clear the infection. The body defends itself by its white blood cells, made by the body, helps fight infection. When being treated, vaccinations is recommended, but when the liver is serverely infected, the only way out is to have a liver transplant. Vaccination is getting shots to help prevent the virus. This needs to be done before hand.  Some facts on HBV are: More than 250,000 people die from liver-related disease per year. In the United States, HBV is laregely a disease of young adults aged 20-50. About 1025 million people are chronic carriers. Howevery, this disease is almost always preventable. The virus was not discovered until 1965. The liver removes drugs and poison from your blood and if HBV is infecting the liver then your body could not stand a chance.

 

SITES TO SEE PICTURES OF THIS GROSS VIRUS!!

 

http://www.cs.nyu.edu/els4/prevwk/prev/HepatitisB.jpg

 

 

http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2006/06/060623093935.jpg

http://www.909shot.com/images/graph1.gif                                      <----- That one is scary.

 

 

 

Katrina Kwai

 

 

 

 

 

Virus Name :Hepatitis B /Orthohepadnavirus 

                               Family : Hepadnaviridae.

Micrograph showing hepatitis B virions

 

Disease or Disorder : Infects the liver And hominoidae. Causes inflamation called hepatitis. DNA virus causes viral hepatitis originally known as ,"serum hepatitis".

 

Virus Structure : Description: Hep B is a member of the hepanavirus family. The virus particle viron consists of an outer lipid envelope and an icosahedral nucleocapsid core composed of protein. The nucleocapsid encloses the viral DNA and DNA polymerase that reverse transcriptase activity. The outer envelope contains embedded proteins which is envolved in viral binding of an entry into susceptible cells. The virus is one of the smallest enveloped animal viruses with a virion diameter of 42nm, but pleomorphic forms exist. Including filamentous and spherical bodies lacking a core. These particles are not infectious and are composed of the lipid and protein that forms part of the surface of the virion which is called the surface antigen HBsAg and is produced in excess during the life cycle of a virus. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B]

A simplified drawing of the HBV particle and surface antigen

 

Transmission:  Transmission results from exposure to infected blood or body fluids containing blood.  Possible forms: Unprotected sexual contact, Blood transfusions, Re-use of contaminated needles, and syringe. Vertical transmissions from mother to child during birth. Without intervention mother = positive for the hep B antigen surface = 20% risk of passing it on. And 90% rish if she is positive for Hep B e antigen. HBV can be transmitted between family members in a household by contact of nonintact skin or mucous membrane with secretions or saliva with HBV contained.

 

Prevention:  The hep B can be prevented by immunizing. Two recombinant DNA Hep B vaccines are licensed in Canada. Both provide safe, reliable protection from hepatitis B when used either before or immediately after exposure to the virus. Tests show 90-95$ of vaccinations of healthy people resisting against hepatitis B.

 

 

Body cells Attacked:  The hep B virus primarily interferes with the functions of the liver while replicating in liver cells, known as hepatocytes. During HBV infections, the host imune response causes both hepatocellular damage and viral clearance.

Cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer may ensue from Hepatitis B.

 

 

Symptoms:  Hep-B may either be acute [self-limiting] or chronic [long-standing]. People with self limiting infections clear the infection spontaneously within weeks to months. However, acute infections with hep B virus is associated with acute viral hepatitis. An illness that begins with general ill-health, loss of apetite, nausea, vomitting, body aches, mild fever, dark urine, and then progresses to a development of jaundice. Also, at times itchy skin. Illness lasts for a few weeks and then gradually improves in most affected people. Few patients have severe liver disease [fulminant hepatic failure] And may die.

 

Body Defense:  Healthy people can sontaneously be immuned to it. Fight it off after being sick for a few weeks. However people who have ill health may result to liver failure. Alcohol can help the hepatitis virus with infecting the liver.

 

Treatments/Vaccines:   Hep B does not require treatment due to adults clear it spontaneously. Although none of the available druges can clear the infection it can stop the virus from replicating and prevent liver damage. Treatments: Antiviral drugs such as = Lamivudine, adefovir, and enticavoir. Immune system modulators= Interferon Alpha, Some people mihgt respond more than others due to the genotype of the infecting virus or the patient's heredity. Treatments work to reduce viral load [amount of virus particles measure in blood] which reduces viral replication in the liver. 

Vaccines: The vaccines rely on the use of one of the viral envelope proteins [Hep-B surface antigen or HBsAg] The vaccine was originally prepared from plasma obtained from patients who had long-standing Hep B virus infection. But currently those are more often made using rebombinant DNA technology. Thought plasma derived vaccines continue to be used. Both vaccines are effective.

 

 

By. Emily Kim =)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Comments (0)

You don't have permission to comment on this page.